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Citations Supporting Adolescent Gender Care - April 2024

More than 2,000 scientific studies have examined aspects of gender affirming care for all ages since 1975, including more than 260 studies cited in the Endocrine Society’s Clinical Practice Guideline. The following citations are for articles supporting adolescent improved outcomes include but are not limited to:

  • Chen D, Berona J, Chan YM, Ehrensaft D, Garofalo R, Hidalgo MA, Rosenthal SM, Tishelman AC, Olson-Kennedy J. Psychosocial Functioning in Transgender Youth after 2 Years of Hormones. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jan 19;388(3):240-250. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206297. PMID: 36652355.
  • Tordoff DM, Wanta JW, Collin A, Stepney C, Inwards-Breland DJ, Ahrens K. Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220978. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0978. Erratum in: JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2229031. PMID: 35212746; PMCID: PMC8881768.
  • Olson KR, Durwood L, Horton R, Gallagher NM, Devor A. Gender Identity 5 Years After Social Transition. Pediatrics. 2022 Aug 1;150(2):e2021056082. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-056082. PMID: 35505568.
  • Lieke J.J.J. Vrouenraets, Martine C. de Vries, Irma M. Hein, Marijn Arnoldussen, Sabine E. Hannema & Annelou L.C. de Vries (2022) Perceptions on the function of puberty suppression of transgender adolescents who continued or discontinued treatment, their parents, and clinicians, International Journal of Transgender Health, 23:4, 428-441, DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2021.1974324
  • Clara De Castro, Mireia Solerdelcoll, Maria Teresa Plana, Irene Halperin, Mireia Mora, Laura Ribera, Camil Castelo-Branco, Esther Gómez-Gil, Angela Vidal, High persistence in Spanish transgender minors: 18 years of experience of the Gender Identity Unit of Catalonia, Revista de Psiquiatría  y Salud Mental, 2022,ISSN 1888-9891, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.001 
  • Turban JL, King D, Carswell JM, Keuroghlian AS. Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2021 Apr;147(4):]. Pediatrics. 2020;145(2):e20191725. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1725
  • Green, A. E., DeChants, J. P., Price, M. N., & Davis, C. K. (2021). Association of gender-affirming hormone therapy with depression, thoughts of suicide, and attempted suicide among transgender and nonbinary youth. Journal of Adolescent Health.
  • de Lara, D. L., Rodríguez, O. P., Flores, I. C., Masa, J. L. P., Campos-Muñoz, L., Hernández, M. C., & Amador, J. T. R. (2020). Psychosocial assessment in transgender adolescents. Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), 93(1), 41-48.
  • Kaltiala, R., Heino, E., Työläjärvi, M., & Suomalainen, L. (2020). Adolescent development and psychosocial functioning after starting cross-sex hormones for gender dysphoria. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 74(3), 213-219.
  • Achille, C., Taggart, T., Eaton, N. R., Osipoff, J., Tafuri, K., Lane, A., & Wilson, T. A. (2020). Longitudinal impact of gender-affirming endocrine intervention on the mental health and well-being of transgender youths: preliminary results. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2020(1), 1-5.
  • Hodax JK, Wagner J, Sackett-Taylor AC, Rafferty J, Forcier M. Medical Options for Care of Gender Diverse and Transgender Youth. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020 Feb;33(1):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 May 30. PMID: 31154017.
  • Kuper, L. , L. E., Stewart, S., Preston, S., Lau, M., & Lopez, X. (2020). Body dissatisfaction and mental health outcomes of youth on gender-affirming hormone therapy. Pediatrics, 145(4).
  • Allen, L. R., Watson, L. B., Egan, A. M., & Moser, C. N. (2019). Well-being and suicidality among transgender youth after gender-affirming hormones. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 7(3), 302.
  • Kimberly LL, Folkers KM, Friesen P, Sultan D, Quinn GP, Bateman-House A, Parent B, Konnoth C, Janssen A, Shah LD, Bluebond-Langner R, Salas-Humara C. Ethical Issues in Gender-Affirming Care for Youth. Pediatrics. 2018 Dec;142(6):e20181537. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1537. Epub 2018 Nov 6. PMID: 30401789.
  • Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, de Blok CJM, et al.  The Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria Study (1972-2015): trends in prevalence, treatment, and regrets. J Sex Med. 2018;15(4):582-590.
  • Simone Mahfouda, Julia K Moore, Aris Siafarikas, Florian D Zepf, Ashleigh Lin, Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Volume 5, Issue 10, 2017, Pages 816-826, ISSN 2213-8587, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30099-2
  • De Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment. Pediatrics, 134(4), 696-704.
  • de Vries AL, Steensma TD, Doreleijers TA, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender identity disorder: a prospective follow-up study. J Sex Med. 2011 Aug;8(8):2276-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01943.x. Epub 2010 Jul 14. PMID: 20646177.
  • Johns MM, Lowry R, Andrzejewski J, et al. Transgender identity and experiences of Violence Victimization, Substance Use, suicide risk, and sexual risk Behaviors among high School students – 19 states and Large Urban School Districts, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:67e71.
  • Turban JL, King D, Kobe J, et al. Access to gender-affirming hormones during adolescence and mental health outcomes among transgender adults. PLoS One 2022;17:e0261039.
  • Dolotina B, Turban JL. A Multipronged, Evidence-Based approach to Improving mental. JAMA Network Open 2022;5:e220926.
  • Wagner S, Panagiotakopoulos L, Nash R, et al. Progression of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: A Longitudinal study. Pediatrics 2021:148.
  • Narayan SK, Hontscharuk R, Danker S, et al. Guiding the conversation-types of regret after gender-affirming surgery and their associated etiologies. Ann Transl Med 2021;9:605.
  • Clark BA, Veale JF, Greyson D, et al. Primary care access and foregone care: A survey of transgender adolescents and young adults. Fam Pract 2018;35: 302e6.
  • Guss CE, Woolverton GA, Borus J, et al. Transgender adolescents’ experiences in primary care: A qualitative study. J Adolesc Health 2019;65:344e9.
  • Bertelloni S, Baroncelli GI, Ferdeghini M, et al. Final height, gonadal function and bone mineral density of adolescent males with central precocious puberty after therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues. Eur J Pediatr 2000;159:369e74.
  • Neblett MF, Hipp HS. Fertility Considerations in transgender persons. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2019;48:391e402.
  • Chen D, Simons L, Johnson EK, et al. Fertility Preservation for transgender adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2017;61:120e3.
  • Lai TC, McDougall R, Feldman D, et al. Fertility counseling for transgender adolescents: A Review. J Adolesc Health 2020;66:658e65.
  • Connolly MD, Zervos MJ, Barone CJ 2nd, et al. The mental health of transgender youth: advances in understanding. J Adolesc Health 2016;59:489e95.
  • Duffy ME, Henkel KE, Joiner TE. Prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in transgender individuals with eating disorders: A National study. J Adolesc Health 2019;64:461e6.
  • Guss CE, Williams DN, Reisner SL, et al. Disordered weight management behaviors, nonprescription steroid use, and weight perception in transgender youth. J Adolesc Health 2017;60:17e22.
  • Coelho JS, Suen J, Clark BA, et al. Eating disorder diagnoses and symptom presentation in transgender youth: A Scoping Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019;21:107.
  • Avila JT, Golden NH, Aye T. Eating disorder screening in transgender youth. J Adolesc Health 2019;65:815e7.
  • de Vries AL, McGuire JK, Steensma TD, et al. Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment. Pediatrics 2014;134:696e704.
  • Dhejne C, Lichtenstein P, Boman M, et al. Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: Cohort study in Sweden. PloS One 2011;6:e16885.
  • Hughes LD, Kidd KM, Gamarel KE, et al. “These laws Will Be Devastating” Provider Perspectives on legislation Banning gender-affirming care for transgender adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2021;69:976e82.
  • Kidd KM, Sequeira GM, Paglisotti T, et al. “This could mean death for my child”: Parent Perspectives on laws banning gender-affirming care for transgender adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2021;68:1082e8.
  • Olson KR, Blotner C, Alonso D, et al. Family discussions of early childhood social transitions. Clin Pract Pediatr Psychol 2019;7:229e40.
  • Selkie E, Adkins V, Masters E, et al. Transgender adolescents’ uses of social media for social support. J Adolesc Health 2020;66:275e80.
  • Adkins V, Masters E, Shumer D, Selkie E. 80 – Exploring transgender adolescents’ use of social media for support and health information seeking. J Adolesc Health 2018;62:S44.
  • Costa, R., Dunsford, M., Skagerberg, E., Holt, V., Carmichael, P., & Colizzi, M. (2015). Psychological support, puberty suppression, and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with gender dysphoria. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(11), 2206-2214.
  • van der Miesen, A. I., Steensma, T. D., de Vries, A. L., Bos, H., & Popma, A. (2020). Psychological functioning in transgender adolescents before and after gender-affirmative care compared with cisgender general population peers. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), 699-704.
  • Carmichael, P., Butler, G., Masic, U., Cole, T. J., De Stavola, B. L., Davidson, S., … & Viner, R. M. (2021). Short-term outcomes of pubertal suppression in a selected cohort of 12 to 15 year old young people with persistent gender dysphoria in the UK. PLoS One, 16(2), e0243894.
  • Grannis, C., Leibowitz, S. F., Gahn, S., Nahata, L., Morningstar, M., Mattson, W. I., … & Nelson, E. E. (2021). Testosterone treatment, internalizing symptoms, and body image dissatisfaction in transgender boys. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 132, 105358.
  • Hisle-Gorman, E., Schvey, N. A., Adirim, T. A., Rayne, A. K., Susi, A., Roberts, T. A., & Klein, D. A. (2021). Mental healthcare utilization of transgender youth before and after affirming treatment. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(8), 1444-1454.

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Any of these articles are for entertainment, informational, and general educational purposes only and should not be considered to be healthcare advice or medical diagnosis, treatment or prescribing. The Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical care. Always seek the advice of your qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

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